10 May 2024
If you’re considering a bond, one of the first questions is, do you want one with a short or long duration. A short duration means the time to maturity is generally less than 5 years, which can mean that there’s less time to wait before re-investing, or taking the funds out. This can also mean a greater degree of certainty over the expected returns.
When you buy a bond, you know what the fixed interest rate will be paid on it.
The returns of a bond are composed of coupon income and price changes. A key measure of bond markets is the bond ‘yield’, which is the amount an investor will get from it. Yields from bonds are inversely related to bond prices. When yields rise, bond prices fall assuming all factors unchanged. Factors driving yields include changes in credit ratings and interest rates.
An illustrative example
However, what happens if the interest rate falls?
In the above example, if the interest rates were cut to 2%, these bonds would look more attractive, as they are paying above market rate. If they are more attractive to the markets, the price of the bond would rise.
So, a cut in interest rates is likely to increase the price of bonds. A rise in interest rates is likely to reduce the price of bonds.
A yield curve is a line that plots yields (that is, the annual rate of return until maturity) of bonds with equal credit ratings but different maturity dates. There are generally three types of yield curve;
1. Upward Sloping
When an economy is growing, we should see an upward-sloping yield curve. Bonds with a longer-term maturity date typically offer higher yields to compensate for the additional potential volatility, for example with regards to interest rates.
2. Downward (inverted) sloping
A downward or inverted yield curve likely indicates an economic downturn, as investors expect lower interest rates to be used to stimulate economic growth.
3. Flat
A transition between these two scenarios could result in a flat yield curve.
The interest rates set by central banks are a key driver of the cost of borrowing, for governments and businesses. When inflation falls, central banks tend to decrease interest rates to stimulate economic activity and encourage increased spending. In such an environment, bond yields tend to decrease.
The situation will reverse in a higher inflation environment where central banks can raise interest rates to slow down the economy and reduce inflation.
Duration, expressed in the unit of years, measures the sensitivity of bond prices to interest rate movements. The longer the duration, the more sensitive the prices to interest rate changes. Shorter-term bonds (typically up to 5 years) are generally more resilient to interest rate fluctuations than longer-term bonds.
If interest rates rise by 1%, bond prices will normally drop by around 2% and 4% for a bond with a 2-year and 4-year duration respectively. Conversely, if interest rates fall by 1%, a bond with a 2-year duration could experience a gain in value of around 2%, while the price of a bond with a duration of 4 years could increase by around 4%. This is based on previous experience in the markets and analyst views of future changes.
This document or video is prepared by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (‘HBAP’), 1 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong. HBAP is incorporated in Hong Kong and is part of the HSBC Group. This document or video is distributed and/or made available by HSBC Bank Canada (including one or more of its subsidiaries HSBC Investment Funds (Canada) Inc. (“HIFC”), HSBC Private Investment Counsel (Canada) Inc. (“HPIC”) and HSBC InvestDirect division of HSBC Securities (Canada) Inc. (“HIDC”)), HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited, HBAP, HSBC Bank (Singapore) Limited, HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (UAE), HSBC UK Bank Plc, HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (198401015221 (127776-V))/HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad (20080100642 1 (807705-X)), HSBC Bank (Taiwan) Limited, HSBC Bank plc, Jersey Branch, HSBC Bank plc, Guernsey Branch, HSBC Bank plc in the Isle of Man, HSBC Continental Europe, Greece, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, India (HSBC India), HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Limited, PT Bank HSBC Indonesia (HBID), HSBC Bank (Uruguay) S.A. (HSBC Uruguay is authorised and oversought by Banco Central del Uruguay), HBAP Sri Lanka Branch, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited – Philippine Branch, HSBC Investment and Insurance Brokerage, Philippines Inc, and HSBC FinTech Services (Shanghai) Company Limited and HSBC Mexico, S.A. Multiple Banking Institution HSBC Financial Group (collectively, the “Distributors”) to their respective clients. This document or video is for general circulation and information purposes only.
The contents of this document or video may not be reproduced or further distributed to any person or entity, whether in whole or in part, for any purpose. This document or video must not be distributed in any jurisdiction where its distribution is unlawful. All non-authorised reproduction or use of this document or video will be the responsibility of the user and may lead to legal proceedings. The material contained in this document or video is for general information purposes only and does not constitute investment research or advice or a recommendation to buy or sell investments. Some of the statements contained in this document or video may be considered forward looking statements which provide current expectations or forecasts of future events. Such forward looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. HBAP and the Distributors do not undertake any obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. This document or video has no contractual value and is not by any means intended as a solicitation, nor a recommendation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument in any jurisdiction in which such an offer is not lawful. The views and opinions expressed are based on the HSBC Global Investment Committee at the time of preparation and are subject to change at any time. These views may not necessarily indicate HSBC Asset Management‘s current portfolios’ composition. Individual portfolios managed by HSBC Asset Management primarily reflect individual clients’ objectives, risk preferences, time horizon, and market liquidity.
The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and investors may not get back the amount originally invested. Past performance contained in this document or video is not a reliable indicator of future performance whilst any forecasts, projections and simulations contained herein should not be relied upon as an indication of future results. Where overseas investments are held the rate of currency exchange may cause the value of such investments to go down as well as up. Investments in emerging markets are by their nature higher risk and potentially more volatile than those inherent in some established markets. Economies in emerging markets generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be affected adversely by economic conditions in the countries in which they trade. Investments are subject to market risks, read all investment related documents carefully.
This document or video provides a high level overview of the recent economic environment and has been prepared for information purposes only. The views presented are those of HBAP and are based on HBAP’s global views and may not necessarily align with the Distributors’ local views. It has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of its dissemination. It is not intended to provide and should not be relied on for accounting, legal or tax advice. Before you make any investment decision, you may wish to consult an independent financial adviser. In the event that you choose not to seek advice from a financial adviser, you should carefully consider whether the investment product is suitable for you. You are advised to obtain appropriate professional advice where necessary.
The accuracy and/or completeness of any third-party information obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable might have not been independently verified, hence Customer must seek from several sources prior to making investment decision.
Important Information about HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited (“AMCA”)
HSBC Asset Management is a group of companies, including AMCA, that are engaged in investment advisory and fund management activities, which are ultimately owned by HSBC Holdings plc. AMCA is a wholly owned subsidiary of, but separate entity from, HSBC Bank Canada.
Important Information about HSBC Investment Funds (Canada) Inc. (“HIFC”)
HIFC is the principal distributor of the HSBC Mutual Funds and offers the HSBC Mutual Funds and/or the HSBC Pooled Funds through the HSBC World Selection® Portfolio service. HIFC is a subsidiary of AMCA, and indirect subsidiary of HSBC Bank Canada, and provides its products and services in all provinces of Canada except Prince Edward Island. Mutual fund investments are subject to risks. Please read the Fund Facts before investing.
®World Selection is a registered trademark of HSBC Group Management Services Limited.
Important Information about HSBC Private Investment Counsel (Canada) Inc. (“HPIC”)
HPIC is a direct subsidiary of HSBC Bank Canada and provides services in all provinces of Canada except Prince Edward Island. The Private Investment Counsel service is a discretionary portfolio management service offered by HPIC. Under this discretionary service, assets of participating clients will be invested by HPIC or its delegated portfolio manager, AMCA, in securities, including but not limited to, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, pooled funds and derivatives. The value of an investment in or purchased as part of the Private Investment Counsel service may change frequently and past performance may not be repeated.
Important Information about HSBC InvestDirect (“HIDC”)
HIDC is a division of HSBC Securities (Canada) Inc., a direct subsidiary of, but separate entity from, HSBC Bank Canada. HIDC is an order execution only service. HIDC will not conduct suitability assessments of client account holdings or of the orders submitted by clients or from anyone authorized to trade on the client’s behalf. Clients have the sole responsibility for their investment decisions and securities transactions.
The following statement is only applicable to HSBC Mexico, S.A. Multiple Banking Institution HSBC Financial Group with regard to how the publication is distributed to its customers: This publication is distributed by Wealth Insights of HSBC México, and its objective is for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as an offer or invitation to buy or sell any security related to financial instruments, investments or other financial product. This communication is not intended to contain an exhaustive description of the considerations that may be important in making a decision to make any change and/or modification to any product, and what is contained or reflected in this report does not constitute, and is not intended to constitute, nor should it be construed as advice, investment advice or a recommendation, offer or solicitation to buy or sell any service, product, security, merchandise, currency or any other asset.
Receiving parties should not consider this document as a substitute for their own judgment. The past performance of the securities or financial instruments mentioned herein is not necessarily indicative of future results. All information, as well as prices indicated, are subject to change without prior notice; Wealth Insights of HSBC Mexico is not obliged to update or keep it current or to give any notification in the event that the information presented here undergoes any update or change. The securities and investment products described herein may not be suitable for sale in all jurisdictions or may not be suitable for some categories of investors.
The information contained in this communication is derived from a variety of sources deemed reliable; however, its accuracy or completeness cannot be guaranteed. HSBC México will not be responsible for any loss or damage of any kind that may arise from transmission errors, inaccuracies, omissions, changes in market factors or conditions, or any other circumstance beyond the control of HSBC. Different HSBC legal entities may carry out Wealth Insights internationally in accordance with local regulatory requirements. HSBC specifically prohibits the redistribution of this material and is not responsible for any actions that third parties may take to and/or with it.
Important Information about the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, India (“HSBC India”)
HSBC India is a branch of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. HSBC India is a distributor of mutual funds and referrer of investment products from third party entities registered and regulated in India. HSBC India does not distribute investment products to those persons who are either the citizens or residents of United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia or New Zealand or any other jurisdiction where such distribution would be contrary to law or regulation.
The following statement is only applicable to HSBC Bank (Taiwan) Limited with regard to how the publication is distributed to its customers: HSBC Bank (Taiwan) Limited (“the Bank”) shall fulfill the fiduciary duty act as a reasonable person once in exercising offering/conducting ordinary care in offering trust services/ business. However, the Bank disclaims any guarantee on the management or operation performance of the trust business.
The following statement is only applicable to PT Bank HSBC Indonesia (“HBID”): PT Bank HSBC Indonesia (“HBID”) is licensed and supervised by Indonesia Financial Services Authority (“OJK”). Customer must understand that historical performance does not guarantee future performance. Investment product that are offered in HBID is third party products, HBID is a selling agent for third party product such as Mutual Fund and Bonds. HBID and HSBC Group (HSBC Holdings Plc and its subsidiaries and associates company or any of its branches) does not guarantee the underlying investment, principal or return on customer investment. Investment in Mutual Funds and Bonds is not covered by the deposit insurance program of the Indonesian Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS).
THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT OR VIDEO HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN HONG KONG OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION.
YOU ARE ADVISED TO EXERCISE CAUTION IN RELATION TO THE INVESTMENT AND THIS DOCUMENT OR VIDEO. IF YOU ARE IN DOUBT ABOUT ANY OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT OR VIDEO, YOU SHOULD OBTAIN INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE.
© Copyright 2024. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
No part of this document or video may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, on any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited.
Important information on sustainable investing
In broad terms “ESG and sustainable investing” products include investment approaches or instruments which consider environmental, social, governance and/or other sustainability factors to varying degrees. Certain instruments we classify as sustainable may be in the process of changing to deliver sustainability outcomes. There is no guarantee that ESG and Sustainable investing products will produce returns similar to those which don’t consider these factors. ESG and Sustainable investing products may diverge from traditional market benchmarks. In addition, there is no standard definition of, or measurement criteria for, ESG and Sustainable investing or the impact of ESG and Sustainable investing products. ESG and Sustainable investing and related impact measurement criteria are (a) highly subjective and (b) may vary significantly across and within sectors.
HSBC may rely on measurement criteria devised and reported by third party providers or issuers. HSBC does not always conduct its own specific due diligence in relation to measurement criteria. There is no guarantee: (a) that the nature of the ESG / sustainability impact or measurement criteria of an investment will be aligned with any particular investor’s sustainability goals; or (b) that the stated level or target level of ESG / sustainability impact will be achieved. ESG and Sustainable investing is an evolving area and new regulations are being developed which will affect how investments can be categorised or labelled. An investment which is considered to fulfil sustainable criteria today may not meet those criteria at some point in the future.
